“The size of the ‘Abbasid Empire was the main reason for its decline.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?

The question requires that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the statement that the size of the ‘Abbasid Empire was the main reason for its decline. Causes may predate the timeframe but they must be clearly linked to the issue raised in the question. Candidates may refer to the difficulty of communication and controlling local factions over a wide area. The numerous ethnic and cultural groups made unity difficult and led to groups seeking more independence such as the Fatimids. Defence was difficult and costly due to the large number of external enemies. Other relevant factors may be addressed such as dynastic struggles and financial mismanagement which weakened the central government and encouraged factionalism. Religious divisions and disputes caused internal conflict and weakened the central government. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions must be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.