Discuss the causes of the first stage (1337–1360) of the Hundred Years’ War.

The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the reasons why England and France first went to war in 1337. Some may argue the main reason was Edward III’s claim to the French throne through his mother Isabella. The unexpected succession of Philip VI (Valois) was upheld by invoking Salic law, causing war between England and France. Others may argue that Edward initially paid homage for Aquitaine and did not make his claim until tensions with France increased over issues such as refuge being offered to David II in 1337 and the annexation of Aquitaine. Edward had to claim the throne to avoid excommunication for declaring war on his feudal overlord. Constant border tensions between France and Anglo-Gascon barons were a contributory factor. Some may point out that though the disputed succession was the main cause the underlying cause was rivalry between the French and English thrones for the rich territories of Aquitaine and Gascony. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

The question required that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the reasons why England and France first went to war in 1337.