Compare and contrast the political organization of one non-sedentary and one semi-sedentary society.

The question requires that candidates give an account of the similarities and differences of the political organization between one non-sedentary and one semi-sedentary society, referring to both throughout. In both cases candidates may refer to a lack of enough resources limiting the size of the population and, in turn, the complexity of the social and political hierarchy. Semi-sedentary societies did not develop states and were commonly led by chiefs who shared power with village councils. Candidates may contrast this condition with non-sedentary societies where continual migration prevented the development of a political hierarchy and alliances. Candidates may also compare the extent to which women enjoyed authority in both cases since family identity was calculated through the female line and they were seen as those in charge of gathering food. Candidates may refer to the populations from the west of the Mississippi River, the small islands in the Caribbean, the least fertile parts of South America, those located in the eastern half of North America and parts of the American Southwest, the large islands of the Caribbean, and central and eastern South America. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.

The question required that candidates give an account of the similarities and differences of the political organization between one non-sedentary and one semi-sedentary society.