| Date | November 2020 | Marks available | 15 | Reference code | 20N.3op3.HL.TZ0.16 |
| Level | Higher level only | Paper | Paper 3 (History of Asia and Oceania) | Time zone | TZ0 |
| Command term | Discuss | Question number | 16 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Section 8: British colonialism and emerging national identities in Oceania (1788–1919)
“The growth of national identity was the main factor in the development of the federation movement in Australia.” Discuss.
Markscheme
The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the statement that the growth of national identity was the main factor in the development of the federation movement in Australia. Candidates may refer to the ways in which a national identity had been developing as a result of the younger generation being native-born and therefore the concept of being Australian emerged. The growth of a national identity could also be seen in the arts and literature. All of this led to a desire for political representation of the whole country rather than just individual states. However, candidates may also argue that the federation movement was influenced by economic factors. Cities were better connected and there was a need to standardize tariffs to improve trade. A federal government would also be better able to respond to the increased social problems, such as the rise in crime, immigration and disease. Candidates’ opinions or conclusions will be presented clearly and supported by appropriate evidence.
Examiners report
The question required that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the statement that the growth of national identity was the main factor in the development of the federation movement in Australia.
