“Colonialism had a limited impact on African art and culture.” Discuss with reference to two African countries.

Candidates will offer a considered and balanced review of the statement. They may offer equal coverage of the two countries or they may emphasize one of them in their discussion. However, two countries must be dealt with in the response. A comparative approach may or may not be used. Candidates may refer to the introduction of new idioms such as the novel as well as new art forms such as photography and cinema; new styles such as jazz music and ballroom dancing; the impact of Western art schools such as modernism. Anti-colonialism became a major theme in African art, especially in literature. Candidates may note that the impact may have been limited due to strong traditions, western respect for African styles and the shortness of the colonial presence in the countries.