| Date | November 2019 | Marks available | 15 | Reference code | 19N.3op1.HL.TZ0.19 |
| Level | Higher level only | Paper | Paper 3 (History of Africa and the Middle East) | Time zone | TZ0 |
| Command term | Discuss | Question number | 19 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Section 10: Africa under colonialism (1890–1980)
Discuss the reasons for, and the results of, the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Southern Rhodesia.
Markscheme
The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the reasons for, and the results of, the Unilateral Declaration of Independence in Southern Rhodesia. Results may extend beyond the timeframe of the section but they must be clearly linked to the issue raised in the question. Candidates may offer equal coverage of reasons for and results of, or they may emphasize their discussion of one of them; however, both aspects will be a feature of the response. Candidates may refer to the dissolution of the Central African Federation and majority rule in Zambia and Malawi, the power of the settler lobby and victory for Ian Smith’s Rhodesia Front party, the creation of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) and the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU) and the Bush War, and negotiations leading to independence.
