| Date | November 2019 | Marks available | 15 | Reference code | 19N.3op3.HL.TZ0.16 |
| Level | Higher level only | Paper | Paper 3 (History of Asia and Oceania) | Time zone | TZ0 |
| Command term | To what extent | Question number | 16 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Section 8: British colonialism and emerging national identities in Oceania (1788–1919)
To what extent do you agree with the view that Gallipoli marked the emergence of a national identity in either Australia or New Zealand?
Markscheme
The question requires that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the suggestion that Gallipoli marked the emergence of a national identity in either Australia or New Zealand. Candidates may refer to the legend of the ANZAC soldier and the stories of heroism that emerged from the battle to form the ANZAC spirit. The realisation amongst the men that they were not the same as British soldiers helped a national identity to form. Heavy casualties at Gallipoli, and in the war overall, also created resentment that their foreign policy was so closely tied to the UK’s despite being on the other side of the world. Candidates may challenge the question by identifying ways that national identity had already developed within their chosen country. These could include arts or sport and, in Australia, the creation of the Federation of Australia in 1901. Candidates may agree, partly agree or disagree with the statement.
