Date | November 2019 | Marks available | 15 | Reference code | 19N.3op2.HL.TZ0.29 |
Level | Higher level only | Paper | Paper 3 (History of the Americas) | Time zone | TZ0 |
Command term | To what extent | Question number | 29 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Section 15: Political developments in the United States (1945–1980) and Canada (1945–1982)
“Kennedy failed to implement his New Frontier programme.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
Markscheme
The question requires that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the statement that Kennedy failed to implement his New Frontier programme. Candidates need to determine whether or not Kennedy implemented the policies of the New Frontier. Candidates may indicate that Kennedy was able to get some policies enacted but failed in others. Achievements could include raising the minimum wage; increasing social security benefits; creating the Peace Corps; signing the Equal Pay Act of 1963; increasing the budget for NASA and the race to the moon; providing support for the civil rights movement. However, a coalition of Republicans and Southern Democrats defeated national health insurance for the elderly and the poor; voted against increased federal spending for education and for conservation programmes and against civil rights legislation. Candidates might indicate that many of these were later passed under Johnson to honour Kennedy, but they were not accomplished as part of his New Frontier. Candidates may agree, partly agree or disagree with the statement.