Evaluate the effectiveness of methods used to deal with opposition in two states, each from a different region.

Candidates will appraise the effectiveness of the treatment of opposition in two states. The two states must be from different regions, but they may or may not have been contemporaneous with each other. A comparative approach may or may not be used. Candidates may refer to the treatment of different opposition groups, for example political versus religious opposition, to evaluate the effectiveness of methods used to deal with opposition. These methods may include legal restrictions; the use of force and/or physical punishments; incarceration; expulsion from the state; economic restrictions. Candidates may also refer to conciliatory methods such as the granting of territorial claims; concessions for increased political influence; the recognition of different religions within a state; economic concessions. Candidates will consider how effective these methods were and are likely to consider both their success and failure in order to respond fully to the question.