| Date | May 2019 | Marks available | 15 | Reference code | 19M.3op4.HL.TZ0.26 |
| Level | Higher level only | Paper | Paper 3 (History of Europe) | Time zone | TZ0 |
| Command term | Discuss | Question number | 26 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Section 13: Europe and the First World War (1871–1918)
Discuss the factors that led to the defeat of Germany and the other Central Powers in the First World War.
Markscheme
The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the factors that led to the defeat of Germany and the other Central Powers. Candidates may refer to the failure of the Schlieffen Plan and other strategic and tactical errors made by Germany and the other Central Powers. These may include the decision to invade Belgium bringing Britain into the war, unrestricted U-boat warfare which antagonized the US, and the failure of the Spring Offensive in 1918. Domestic instability and weak governments in the Central Powers may also be considered. Economic factors such as the impact of the Allied Blockade could be discussed. The entry and role of the US was also important, as it brought in new resources against the weakened and war-weary Central Powers.
Examiners report
The question required candidates to offer a considered and balanced review of the factors that led to the defeat of Germany and the other Central Powers. Some excellent in-depth knowledge and good analysis were displayed on the reasons for the defeat of the Central Powers in the First World War. Some responses had an impressive breadth of factors, showing a full understanding of events.
