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Date May 2019 Marks available 15 Reference code 19M.3op1.HL.TZ0.33
Level Higher level only Paper Paper 3 (History of Africa and the Middle East) Time zone TZ0
Command term Discuss Question number 33 Adapted from N/A

Question

Section 17: Post-war developments in the Middle East (1945–2000)

Discuss the successes and failures of the Camp David Accords.

Markscheme

Candidates are required to offer a considered and balanced review of the successes and failures of the Camp David Accords. Among the successes of the Accords, candidates may refer to the normalization of relations between Egypt and Israel, the exchange of ambassadors, the launch of regular airline flights, the revocation of the Egyptian boycott to trade, and the Egyptian provision of oil to Israel. For Israel, the most evident benefit was a peaceful border, and the decrease in its levels of alert. Regarding the failures, candidates may refer to the controversy over settlements in frontier lands, and the failure of the autonomy talks. The Israeli settler movement was opposed to the accords and the Palestinian problem became an inconclusive matter. Besides, the accords did not prevent the rising of Islamic extremist groups in Egypt dissatisfied with the decision to make peace with Israel, and isolated Egypt from the rest of Arab states.

Examiners report

The question on the successes and failures of the Camp David Accords proved challenging to many students. Students were allowed to include material from the 1978 meetings and the 2000 meetings. The difficulty was that too few candidates focused on the successes and failures but instead spent too much time on the process of negotiations or the reasons for conflict.

Syllabus sections

HL options: first exams 2017 » HL option 1: History of Africa and the Middle East » 17: Post-war developments in the Middle East (1945–2000) » Arab–Israeli conflicts: Suez Crisis, Six Day War, 1973 War; effects of conflicts—occupied territories, intifadas, Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO); attempts at peacemaking up to, and including, Camp David (2000)
HL options: first exams 2017 » HL option 1: History of Africa and the Middle East » 17: Post-war developments in the Middle East (1945–2000)
HL options: first exams 2017 » HL option 1: History of Africa and the Middle East
HL options: first exams 2017

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