Evaluate the model and methods of government and administration used by one ruler.

The question requires that candidates make an appraisal of the model and methods of government and administration used by one ruler, weighing up their strengths and limitations or otherwise. Candidates may offer equal coverage of the models and methods used, or they may emphasize their evaluation of one; however, both aspects will be a feature of the response. Candidates may refer to the model of government and the extent of the centralization of power, such as the Ming Dynasty in China, or otherwise, as in the case of the feudal system in Europe, or the Shogunate in Japan. When discussing methods of administration, candidates may refer to the establishment of an efficient structure, such as that of the Mongols; with the creation of a loyal army, for example, that of the ‘Abbasids; with the implementation of a common religion, or the introduction of a primary language of administration, for the example, by the Incas. Both strengths and limitations must be clearly indicated but there does not need to be an equal focus on each.

The question required candidates to make an appraisal of the model and methods of government and administration used by one ruler, weighing up their strengths and limitations or otherwise.