| Date | May 2019 | Marks available | 2 | Reference code | 19M.1.BP.TZ0.13 |
| Level | Both SL and HL | Paper | Paper 1 - first exams 2017 | Time zone | TZ0 |
| Command term | What | Question number | 13 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
The sources and questions relate to case study 2: Apartheid South Africa (1948–1964) — Protests and action: non-violent protests: Freedom Charter.
Source M
Robert Sobukwe, the leader of the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC), making a speech at the opening of the PAC’s first meeting (April 1959).
The Europeans are a foreign minority group, which has exclusive control of political, economic, social and military power. It is the exploiting group responsible for the harmful doctrine of White Supremacy which has resulted in the humiliation of the African people. It is this group which has robbed the African people of their land … It is this group which states that the Native is still backward and savage …
The African people can be organised only under the banner of African nationalism in an All-African organisation where they will, by themselves, decide on the methods of struggle without interference from groups of minorities who arrogantly claim for themselves the right to plan and think for Africans …
Against multi-racialism we have this objection … [it] would mean giving way to European prejudice and arrogance …
We aim, politically, at government of the Africans by the Africans for Africans, with everybody who owes his only loyalty to Africa and who is prepared to accept the democratic rule of an African majority.
Source N
Eli Weinberg, an African National Congress (ANC) photographer, depicts some of
the 156 people charged with high treason by the South African Government in a
detail from the composite picture Treason Trial (December 1956).
[Source: Eli Weinberg, UWC-Robben-Island Museum Mayibuye Archives.]
Why, according to Source M, did Robert Sobukwe oppose working against apartheid with European (white) people?
What does Source N suggest about the group of opponents to the government’s apartheid policy?
Markscheme
- The Europeans were a foreign and/or minority group in control.
- The Europeans exploited Africans and/or took their land.
- Africans should organize themselves.
- Multi-racialism would facilitate European “prejudice and arrogance” and/or Europeans perceived Africans as “backward and savage”.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses. It is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Award [1] for each relevant point up to a maximum of [3].
- It is a large group.
- The group is diverse.
- The group does not appear to be fearful or intimidated.
The above material is an indication of what candidates may elect to write about in their responses. It is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive and no set answer is required. Award [1] for each relevant point up to a maximum of [2].
Examiners report
Many candidates were able to identify three distinct points for the given source in each of the prescribed topics. Some candidates offered only two points or had made the same point more than once, and there were a few that made only one limited point.
Many candidates were able to offer two valid points in response to the visual source question. In 13b, many candidates noted that the group of opponents to the government’s apartheid policy was large and that the group was diverse. However, a few candidates wrote very lengthy descriptions of the source for this two-mark question which may have impeded the time they had to respond to the final questions. Conversely, some candidates offered only one overall point.
