Date | November 2018 | Marks available | 15 | Reference code | 18N.3op1.HL.TZ0.34 |
Level | Higher level only | Paper | Paper 3 (History of Africa and the Middle East) | Time zone | TZ0 |
Command term | To what extent | Question number | 34 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
To what extent was Nasser responsible for the collapse of the United Arab Republic (UAR)?
Markscheme
The question requires that candidates consider the merits or otherwise of the argument that Nasser was responsible for the collapse of the United Arab Republic (UAR). Candidates may consider Nasser’s desire to be seen as the leader of the Arab world, his determination to dominate the UAR and make Cairo its centre, a factor that alienated Syrian leaders and people, and his perceived subordination of the Syrian army within the UAR, which caused resentment and led to a revolt in 1961. Nasser’s ambitions caused many Syrians including the ruling party to suspect that he wished to severely limit their sovereignty and status, which undermined support for the UAR. Candidates may also consider other factors such as historic differences between Egypt and Syria and differences in their economic and political philosophies that made any union difficult. In addition, consideration may be given to the cultural, linguistic and religious differences between the two states.