Discuss the impact of immigration and emigration in two African countries.

The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review that includes a range of factors that reflect on the impact of immigration and emigration in two African countries. The response need not offer equal coverage of immigration and emigration, nor must there be an equal treatment of the two countries selected. For immigration, candidates may consider the economic effects of labour imported from Asia, merchants and traders from other countries, and the influx of European settlers, who displaced the native population and created economic, social and political effects. Emigration was limited in this period after the end of the slave trade and thus its impact may be difficult to identify in many countries. The departure of European colonists from some countries may have had a significant economic and social impact. The emigration of many educated Africans has had an impact as well. Some candidates may wish to discuss the movement of temporary migrant labour but this is not true immigration/emigration and any such passages should be brief.