Discuss the reasons for the rise to power of Mussolini.

The question requires that candidates offer a considered and balanced review of the reasons for Mussolini’s rise. Candidates may argue that Mussolini was a product of the First World War and the sense of a mutilated victory. Candidates may identify the context of intensified nationalism, combined with Mussolini’s political programme as a reason, or they may argue that political instability (frequent changes in government and fear of socialist revolution - Bienno Rosso). Economic problems, including unemployment and inflation, could be argued to have facilitated his rise. Other factors that may be considered include Victor Emmanuel III’s decision to appoint Mussolini prime minister in 1922, fearing the March on Rome. He had the support of the Church and the PPI.