Evaluate the effectiveness of the Non-Cooperation and Civil Disobedience movements in furthering the cause of Indian independence.

Candidates are required to make an appraisal of the effectiveness of the Non-Cooperation and Civil disobedience movements in furthering the cause of Indian independence. Non-Cooperation may include the Champaran satyagraha, the Moplah rebellion and Chauri Chaura. Discussion may include reference to the legitimacy, mass participation and non-violent nature of the activities in the 1920s. Candidates may suggest the movements had limitations; for example, big business did not support the economic boycotts and strikes. Candidates may question the withdrawal of non-cooperation in 1921 due to violence. Civil disobedience may be deemed to include responses to the Simon commission, the salt satyagraha, boycott of foreign goods and the no tax campaigns. British Government repression and non-support by Muslims may be considered in evaluating the effectiveness of the movements. The effectiveness of both movements may be discussed, although there may not be equal coverage of both.