Evaluate the reasons for Indonesian independence (1949).

Candidates will make an appraisal of the reasons for Indonesian independence (1949) by weighing up their importance or otherwise in the context of the political situation in Indonesia. They may adopt a chronological approach that contextualises the creation of the Republic of Indonesia in 1949 within the struggle for independence from the Netherlands. Alternatively, candidates may choose a thematic approach and consider aspects such as the growth of the nationalist movement prior to the Second World War, the impact of the Japanese occupation, the roles of Sukarno and other leaders, the declaration of independence in 1945, and the Dutch attempts to re-establish colonial rule. These need not all be covered or covered equally. Both the importance or otherwise must be clearly indicated but there does not need to be an equal focus on each. While other, relevant, factors such as international pressures may be referred to, the bulk of the response will remain on the issue raised in the question.