Evaluate the spread of the Renaissance in one European country (other than Italy, Germany and Burgundy).

Candidates are required to make an appraisal of the impact of the Renaissance on their chosen country. A range of topics could be addressed, including art and architecture, and the emergence of rulers as patrons of the arts as had happened in Italy. There may be reference to the Renaissance as a stimulus to intellectual activity focused on philosophy, literature and the sciences. Some may argue that the ideas of humanism and the work of Erasmus contributed to the Reformation and therefore there was a significant impact. However, it could be argued that in art and architecture the Renaissance made limited inroads in some countries, with Gothic influence continuing in the arts. Nevertheless, the influence of the Italian Renaissance was significant, for example in France during the reign of Francis I.