Date | May 2018 | Marks available | 15 | Reference code | 18M.3op2.HL.TZ0.20 |
Level | Higher level only | Paper | Paper 3 (History of the Americas) | Time zone | TZ0 |
Command term | To what extent | Question number | 20 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
“Wilson’s policy of moral diplomacy was a failure.” To what extent do you agree with this statement?
Markscheme
Candidates will consider the merits or otherwise of the argument that Wilson’s policy of moral diplomacy was a failure. Moral diplomacy, both within and outside the Americas, is relevant to the question. Topics may include the initial focus of moral diplomacy on Latin America, particularly on the Mexican government under Huerta. Huerta’s removal could be argued a success though it ultimately led to continued civil war and Pershing’s invasion of Mexico in pursuit of Villa, which failed. Interventions in the Dominican Republic and Haiti may also be applied as examples of failed efforts. The Jones Act extending more autonomy to the Philippines may be termed a success. Wilson’s efforts to apply moral diplomacy through the Fourteen Points in the negotiations to end the First World War may be deemed a failure since the US did not join the League of Nations or sign the Versailles Treaty.