With reference to the period from 1954 to 1963, discuss the reasons why conflict continued in Vietnam after the French Indo-China War.

Candidates will offer a considered and balanced review of the reasons why conflict continued in Vietnam that includes a range of arguments and factors. Candidates may challenge the assumption in the question that conflict might have ended in 1954. They may suggest that, although the division of Vietnam was meant to be temporary, external factors prevailed. Candidates may argue that Diem’s corrupt regime, US involvement and the containment policy prolonged conflict. Additionally or alternatively, candidates may contend that Ho Chi Minh’s leadership, Soviet/Chinese aid to North Vietnam and Viet Cong insurgencies were more significant factors. While no set response is expected and candidates may choose a chronological or a thematic approach, they must discuss the reasons why conflict continued.