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Date May 2017 Marks available 15 Reference code 17M.3op4.HL.TZ0.32
Level Higher level only Paper Paper 3 (History of Europe) Time zone TZ0
Command term To what extent Question number 32 Adapted from N/A

Question

To what extent did Yeltsin establish democracy in Russia between 1991 and 1999?

Markscheme

Candidates will consider the merits of the given statement and are likely to focus on political activity and the constitutional structure of post-Soviet Russia. This may include references to, the extent of presidential power, the use of presidential decrees and the ability of the president to govern without reference to parliament. Constitutional change increased presidential powers and the power of the Duma was limited. Candidates may also comment on the power and influence on government policy of major groups and organizations such as political parties, the army and oligarchs. Evidence of democracy may include the existence of a range of political parties, elections and the fact that some (reasonably) well-conducted referenda were held. Evidence that democracy was eroded may include the high levels of corruption and the fact that Yeltsin was able to nominate his own successor, Putin, who was elected in 2000 after a campaign in which it was alleged that he controlled the electoral system and the media.

Examiners report

[N/A]

Syllabus sections

HL options: first exams 2017 » HL option 4: History of Europe » 16: The Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russia (1924–2000) » Collapse of the Soviet Union; post-Soviet Russia to 2000; role and policies of Yeltsin; political and economic developments to 2000
HL options: first exams 2017 » HL option 4: History of Europe » 16: The Soviet Union and post-Soviet Russia (1924–2000)
HL options: first exams 2017 » HL option 4: History of Europe
HL options: first exams 2017

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