Discuss the reasons why the crusading movement failed to repeat the success of the First Crusade.

Candidates will offer a considered and balanced review of the reasons why the crusading movement failed to repeat the success of the First Crusade. Candidates may discuss the conditions that led to the success of the First Crusade to provide context, but this should not be the focus of the response. They should discuss the reasons why the conditions present during the First Crusade no longer applied during the later crusading movement, and consequently what new circumstances had arisen to limit the success of the subsequent campaigns. Candidates may discuss how the First Crusade benefited enormously from Muslim disunity and inability to organize resistance, or the differences in leadership between the First Crusade and later crusades. Other factors may include declining European support, political disunity amongst crusaders, and political and military changes in the Muslim world.