Examine reasons why the growth of tourism hotspots can become unsustainable.

Examine ways in which international sporting events have become more inclusive over time.

Refer to Paper 1 markbands (available under the "Your tests" tab > supplemental materials).

The focus of the response should be on the problems associated with the recent rapid growth of tourism in rural and urban hotspots.

Possible applied themes (AO2) demonstrating knowledge and understanding (AO1):

• Rapid growth of tourism has focused on rural and urban hotspots. Urban hotspots include cultural tourism, such as museums, art galleries and architecture; rural hotspots include areas of outstanding landscape value, national parks and wildlife parks.
• Considerable increase in tourist numbers, often for short periods of time, results in the environmental and perceptual carrying capacity being exceeded in both rural and urban areas.
• Problems include various types of stress: overcrowding and congestion, noise, loss of amenity, litter and pollution and environmental damage.
• These are unsustainable in the long-term, and there needs to be management strategies for a more sustainable future.

Good answers may be well-structured (AO4) and may additionally offer a critical evaluation (AO3) of reasons for the growth of tourist hotspots, and how this might have adverse consequences and become unsustainable. They may show understanding that perspectives of various stakeholders may differ on the costs and benefits of urban and rural tourism.

For 5–6 marks, expect some weakly evidenced outlining of problems associated with tourist growth in urban and/or rural areas.

For 7–8 marks, expect a structured account that includes:

• either evidenced examination of a range of issues/costs associated with the growth of tourism in rural and/or urban areas, and how growth might become unsustainable
• or a discursive conclusion (or ongoing evaluation) grounded in geographical concepts and/or perspectives.

For 9–10 marks, expect both of these traits.

Refer to Paper 1 markbands (available under the "Your tests" tab > supplemental materials).

Political and cultural influences are of importance in the increasing participation in international sport by different individuals and societies. For example, there has been a significant increase in the inclusion of numbers of disabled athletes, from a variety of countries, participating in the Paralympics. The focus of the response should be on the various reasons for, and dimensions of, this inclusion. Another approach might be to look at how more countries have been included over time, and why.

Possible applied themes (AO2) demonstrating knowledge and understanding (AO1):

• The growing importance of the Paralympic Games, and similar international sporting events; numbers of athletes, from an increasing number of countries.
• Cultural influences include: changing public attitudes towards disability and gender roles; recognition that participation in sport is a human right; acceptance of wider issues regarding equality – religious, gender, sexual orientation or race.
• Increasing media coverage, national and international.
• Political influences include the role of the IOC and IPC. Chosen cities should host both the Olympic and Paralympic Games Funding, training facilities and support given by national governments.
• At the national scale of inclusion, more countries are participating in events than in the past, linked with trends in development.

Good answers may be well-structured (AO4) and may additionally offer a critical evaluation (AO3) of the statement in a way that reaches evidenced judgment and shows understanding that perspectives of different stakeholders may differ on who is allowed to participate in sporting activities. Another approach might be to evaluate the spatial or temporal scale over which participation has changed and the differing perspectives of stakeholders.

For 5–6 marks, expect some weakly evidenced outlining of changing inclusion over time.

For 7–8 marks, expect a structured account that includes:

• either evidenced explanation of changing inclusion over time in international sport
• or a discursive conclusion (or ongoing evaluation) of the success of these influences grounded in geographical perspectives.

For 9–10 marks, expect both of these traits.