| Date | May 2014 | Marks available | 1 | Reference code | 14M.2.SL.TZ0.1 |
| Level | Standard Level | Paper | Paper 2 | Time zone | Time zone 0 |
| Command term | Estimate | Question number | 1 | Adapted from | N/A |
Question
Figure 8 World consumption of oil equivalent by type of fuel (2000 – 2011)
Figure 7 Oil equivalent consumption per capita in 2011
Using Figure 8, estimate the percentage of world oil equivalent consumption that came from renewable sources in 2011.
Using Figure 7, suggest one reason why per capita oil equivalent consumption is greater in some regions than in others.
Markscheme
(allow 1.0−2.0%);
Or, if hydroelectricity is included: 4200/12200 = 35% (allow 33−37%)
N.B. Working and % sign are not necessary for credit in this question.
So award 1 mark for any value between 1-2 or 33-37.
[1 max]
This question is from a previous syllabus. Current “Suggest” questions will always carry a minimum of 2 marks and expect at least some support/explanation for the suggestion given.
Wealthier regions will consume more energy per capita to support their lifestyles/cultures/more cars/consumerism (eg USA/Canada/Europe);
Industrialised regions of heavy transport and commercialised agriculture will tend to have high per capita consumption;
Regions where there is ample local supply (eg Gulf States) may consume more energy because it is cheaper;
Regions with low populations but high industrial needs (eg Russia) will tend to have higher per capita consumption;
Developing regions may give energy conservation low priority in pursuit of economic development (eg China);
very hot/cold climates may increase per capita energy consumption for cooling/heating (eg Saudi/Canada);
Note to markers: Question asks about energy consumption, NOT specifically the use of oil, so do not credit answers that just give reasons for using oil (rather than other sources). It also asks for WHY consumption is high, so do not credit responses that just indicate where it is high. It also addresses per capita consumption so do not credit high or dense populations as a reason.
[1 max]
Examiners report
Responses that did, or did not, include hydroelectricity, were both credited, but many failed to calculate % correctly.
Generally OK, although quite a number interpreted ‘oil-equivalent’ to mean oil exclusively, or gave responses relating to population size that were irrelevant to per capita consumption.
Syllabus sections
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19M.2.SL.TZ0.6c:
Even though there is growing global support for ecocentric values, the global consumption of fossil fuels continues to rise each year.
With reference to energy choices in named countries, discuss possible reasons for this situation occurring.
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19N.2.SL.TZ0.8c:
To what extent does sustainability play a role in making decisions about energy and climate change policies at national and international levels?
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14M.2.SL.TZ0.1c.ii:
Using Figure 7, suggest one reason why per capita oil equivalent consumption is greater in some regions than in others.
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19N.1.SL.TZ0.5:
With reference to information in the resource booklet, evaluate the sustainability of Canada’s management of the Large Ocean Management Area of the St Lawrence River estuary and Gulf of St Lawrence.
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16N.2.SL.TZ0.1i:
Outline two reasons why the value of resources like Uranium can change over time.
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18M.2.SL.TZ0.7b:
The use of renewable resources is not always sustainable due to the activities involved in their production.
Justify this statement for a named source of renewable energy.
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17N.1.SL.TZ0.6b:
With reference to Figure 2 and Figure 9(c) outline two possible reasons why energy demand declined in Iceland after 2008.
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17N.1.SL.TZ0.7:
To what extent might Iceland be viewed as a role model for sustainability by other countries?
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17N.1.SL.TZ0.6a:
With reference to Figure 9(a) outline how Iceland’s primary energy consumption has changed over time.
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15M.2.SL.TZ0.5c:
Discuss how a Deep Ecologist and a Cornucopian may differ in their approach to this project.
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16M.2.SL.TZ0.5c:
Environmental value systems may be seen as having both inputs and outputs as shown in the diagram below:
As a society develops over time from an original pioneer population, various influences may have caused changes in their common value systems and decisions.
With reference to energy sources in a developed country (MEDC), discuss how historical changes in internal and external factors have influenced their environmental value systems and decisions on energy supply.
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17N.2.SL.TZ0.6b:
Explain how the inequitable distribution of natural resources can lead to conflict.
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18M.2.SL.TZ0.7c:
Increasing concern for energy security is likely to lead to more sustainable energy choices.
Discuss the validity of this statement, with reference to named countries.
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15N.1.SL.TZ0.5c:
Apart from global warming and ozone-depletion, state one pollution problem that may affect a number of countries.
- 17M.2.SL.TZ0.3d: Identify one reduction strategy that the United States might use to achieve its projected...
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17M.2.SL.TZ0.3c:
Identify two possible reasons for the projected change in CO2 emissions for China.
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15N.2.SL.TZ0.3b:
Explain the factors which influence the choice of energy sources in two different societies.
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16N.2.SL.TZ0.1l:
Using evidence from the resource booklet, justify from an ecocentric viewpoint why the Husab Uranium Project should not be approved.
- 18N.2.SL.TZ0.7c: Examine the driving factors behind the changing energy choices of different countries using...
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14M.2.SL.TZ0.4c:
Environmental value systems such as ecocentrism and technocentrism may determine the approaches taken to resource management.
Discuss which of these value systems you consider most appropriate in its approach to the management of fossil fuel resources. Support your conclusion with valid reasons or evidence.
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17N.2.SL.TZ0.7c:
Discuss the role of humans in the destabilization of ecological systems.
